I disconnected the positive terminal of my truck battery without disconnecting the ground. Sparks flew and then the truck wouldn't start. I tried 5 minutes later and it started to crank over a little

is the pos teminal still tight..was it a quick spark.. did you short the plates in the battery?

I reconnected it. It is tight. The Sparks were probably about 5 seconds until I got the wrench off. I'm not sure what you mean by short the plates in the battery. How would I know if this happened. What should my next step be? Trickle charge isn't giving me any clicks yet when starting. Think I would be okay asking a buddy for a jump?

Forgot to write in my battery was about a week old. Now my dash has all normal gauges lit and working but when I start there is no crank or noise and it will not start

May have blown the ignition fuse or alternator fuse. Check fuses in the fuse box under the hood.

If that's the case, it's a simple and cheap fix right? Just replace the fuse in the fuse box? I would know by if they're all black looking right?

Yes you would be able to tell if they are blown or not just by looking at them.