Fan

without testing anything you could replace the coolant temp sensor that may help , check for bad head gasket before you put $$ into it , what does the exhaust look like , ? look under the oil fill cap what do you see ? compression test will tell for sure

The primary fan doesn't come on until the car gets hot, around 220 or so, and the secondary, is around 230 or so, but it will kick in if the a/c is turned on. Check the cooling fan relay located in the relay box in engine compartment and also the coolant temperature sensor. I remember that some time ago, my father was having a problem with the cooling fan not starting until the car temperature gauge started to move into the hot zone; his friend replaced the radiator cap and the problem stopped. This may not be your problem, but check to see if the cap has a good seal and keeping the required pressure.